Taliban Wikipdia. Un taliban lib,  tudiant  ou  chercheur , pl. Pakistan et surtout en Afghanistan depuis octobre. Le mouvement a men une guerre contre le gouvernement de ltat islamique dAfghanistan, notamment partir de 1. Kaboul en 1. 99. 6 o les talibans instaurent le rgime de lmirat islamique dAfghanistan, avec sa tte Mohammad Omar. Taleb dsigne en pachto un tudiant en thologie dans une madrasa universit thologique musulmane. Le mot vient de larabe, avec le mme sens. Los hazara persa son un grupo tnico de lengua persa que reside en la regin central de Afganistn a la que se refieren como Hazarajat y el. CSP/CSP144/k1449965.jpg' alt='The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' title='The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' />Lorganisation est place sur la liste officielle des organisations terroristes de la Russie1, du Canada2, du Kazakhstan3 et des mirats arabes unis4. Les talibans ne peuvent toutefois pas tre considrs comme appartenant une mme organisation. Il existe en effet de nombreuses mouvances, plus au moins lies, et celles ci ne mnent pas toujours le mme combat. On distingue parfois les talibans  afghans  se battant contre les forces internationales et nationales dans la guerre dAfghanistan, et les talibans  pakistanais , opposs aux autorits pakistanaises dans le conflit arm du Nord Ouest du Pakistan5. Taleb dsigne en pachto un tudiant en thologie dans une madrasa universit thologique musulmane. Le mot vient de larabe, avec le mme sens. On parle aussi de  talib  dans certains pays dAfrique de lOuest  Mali, Guine, Niger, Bnin, Togo et Ghana au sud et de la Cte dIvoire au sud ouest, et au Sngal6. Par ailleurs, le sens du terme a t tendu pour dfinir toute forme dextrmisme ou dintgrisme. Durant la guerre contre les Sovitiques, des millions de jeunes Afghans sont duqus dans les madrasas de la zone tribale pakistanaise, implantes par le parti religieux Jamiat Ulema e Islam JUI7. IIkCkIVmCYw/UT4bKisZdMI/AAAAAAAAGxc/ZXaiMNfHWAM/s1600/afghanistan%2B(1).gif' alt='The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' title='The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' />Ils y sont fortement influencs par une cole de pense, lcole deobandi, qui prne le retour  un islam juste et respectant les principes islamiques . En particulier,  lune des madrasas ouverte par une faction dissidente du JUI, la madrasa Dar ul Ulum Haqqania, forme une grande partie de la future direction talibane le mollah Omar na cependant jamais tudi au Pakistan. The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' title='The Hazaras Of Afghanistan Pdf' />Arabie Saoudite, mais aussi des lments purement pashtouns comme le Pashtunwali , le code tribal des Pachtounes8. Les chefs de guerre se dchirent pendant et aprs loccupation de lAfghanistan par lURSS. The Hazaras Hazaragi are an ethnic group native to the region of Hazarajat in central Afghanistan, speaking the Hazaragi variant of Dari, itself an. The 2001 U. S. invasion of Afghanistan ushered in a fresh chapter in relations between Iran and Afghanistan. Iran participated in the formation of the postTaliban. Denna artikel behandlar det nutida afghanska folket. Fr det historiska turkfolket, se khazarer. Hazarer persiskahazaragi r ett folk som. Ghazn Pashto, Persian or Ghaznai, also historically known as Ghaznn or Ghazna, is a city in. Les talibans, eux, sont des  no fondamentalistes . Ils veulent dabord rislamiser les murs, la justice, les tres humains. La forme de ltat na pas dimportance pour eux la condition de respecter la loi divine. Et seuls ceux qui lont tudie, cest dire les talibans, sont mme de lexpliquer et den assurer le respect. Cest pour cela quils dclarent dans leurs premires annes quils ne veulent pas le pouvoir politique. Cest aussi pour cela quils attachent tant dimportance tout ce qui touche la vie quotidienne, publique ou prive. Durant les premires annes de leur prise de pouvoir, les talibans jouissent dun rel soutien populaire, surtout, mais pas uniquement, de la part des populations pachtounes du sud et de lest. Les Afghans sont fatigus de leur guerre avec lURSS et des exactions des chefs de guerre qui ensanglantent le pays, et beaucoup accueillent volontiers ces religieux qui amnent lordre et la scurit. Hogwarts Acceptance Letter Font Type more. Les contraintes morales ne changent, en fait, pas grand chose dans les campagnes o les femmes portent dj la burqa, et o, dans leur trs grande majorit, elles ne travaillent ni ne vont lcole. De 1. 99. 4 fin 1. La prsence sur le territoire afghan, partir de 1. Oussama ben Laden, qui a dclar haut et fort quil allait, entre autres, sattaquer aux tats Unis par tous les moyens, change la donne. Ben Laden avait dj eu loccasion de rencontrer le ministre taliban aux frontires, Djallouddine Haqqani, en 1. CIA9. Il existe en Afghanistan principalement quatre peuples  les Tadjiks, les Ouzbeks, les Hazaras dorigine mongole, mais parlant un dialecte persan et majorit chiite, et les Pachtounes. Les Ouzbeks sont prsents au nord ainsi quen Ouzbkistan, les Tadjiks parlent une langue iranienne et sont en majorit sunnite, vivant dans louest, le nord est et au Tadjikistan. Les talibans sont issus majoritairement des Pachtounes, estims 1. Le  noyau dur  du mouvement vient des tribus pachtounes du Sud, qui ont fourni une grande partie des rfugis au Pakistan. Selon leurs vicissitudes, les talibans obtiendront, puis perdront le soutien de la plupart des chefs tribaux pachtouns. En 1. 98. 0, les Sovitiques envahissent lAfghanistan dans le but, selon certains, de rallier ce pays au bloc sovitique, pour dautres, de rpondre, ses frontires, au soutien actif des tats Unis dAmrique aux moudjahidines luttant contre le rgime communiste de Kaboul. Lancien conseiller la scurit nationale amricain du prsident Carter, Zbigniew Brzezinski, confirmera par la suite1. Unis ont aid les opposants quelques mois avant linvasion sovitique. Territoires contrl par les parties en conflit en 1. Pakistan. Lors du retrait sovitique, ils tendent leur activit sur le territoire afghan. Ils fournissent quelques volontaires aux moudjahidines, mais ne jouent encore quun rle effac. Selon la tradition du mouvement, cest en 1. Omar et ses lves prennent les armes pour protger la population locale, la suite de deux agressions  le viol et le meurtre de deux jeunes filles par un chef de bande, puis la mort dun jeune homme disput entre deux chefs de bande. Ils reoivent le soutien de lISI pakistanaise et de la puissante corporation des camionneurs, qui font appel eux pour mettre fin au banditisme sur la route qui relie le Pakistan lAsie centrale1. Les talibans deviennent une force consquente en octobre. Ils semparent de Kandahar et saisissent un important stock darmes appartenant au chef de guerre Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Ils prennent, en quelques mois, le contrle de la moiti sud du pays. Easy Weather Software For Mac. En fvrier. 19. 95, ils sont Maydan Shahr une vingtaine de kilomtres au sud de Kaboul, et une centaine de kilomtres dHrat dans louest. Les talibans ayant dfait le Hezb i Islami dans le Lgar et tu Mazari, le chef hazara du Hezb i wahdat, Ahmad Shah Massoud, chef tadjik du Jamiat Islami, en profite pour prendre le contrle total de Kaboul. La capitale est dtruite 4. Hrat est prise en septembre. Kaboul le 2. 7septembre. Mohammed Nadjibullah qui avait trouv refuge dans une maison de lONU depuis sa destitution. Le mollah Omar, chef des talibans, devient de facto le nouveau chef dtat sous le titre de commandeur des croyants. Le rgime politique mis en place par les talibans prend le nom dmirat islamique dAfghanistan. Mazar i Sharif est prise une premire fois en 1. Mazar en 1. 99. 8, ils se vengent en massacrant, leur tour, plusieurs milliers de Hazaras, hommes, femmes et enfants1. Ils excutent galement 1. Iran est sur le point dentrer en guerre contre les talibans. LHazaradjat est alors presque encercl et tombe aprs la chute de Bmiyn en septembre. LAlliance du Nord, rassemblement de frres ennemis mais unis contre les talibans, se dsagrge alors. La plupart de ses chefs se rfugient ltranger et Ahmad Shah Massoud reste le seul leader de lalliance rsister depuis son fief montagneux du Pandjchir, do il garde le contrle du nord est de lAfghanistan. Ailleurs dans le pays, seules quelques poches de rsistance en Hazaradjat, sous le commandement de Khalili, continuent de harceler les talibans, provoquant vengeances, massacres de civils et une totale destruction de la ville de Bmiyn et de ses alentours. Pakistan Rampant Killings of Shia by Extremists. A man prepares graves for the victims of the February 1. Shia Hazara area of Quetta city in Pakistan. ReutersLondon Pakistans government should take all necessary measures to stop Sunni extremist groups in Balochistan province from committing further killings and other abuses against Hazara and other Shia Muslims, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The 6. 2 page report, We are the Walking Dead Killings of Shia Hazaras in Balochistan, Pakistan, documents Sunni militant group attacks on the mostly Shia Hazara community in Balochistan. Since 2. 00. 8, several hundreds of Hazara have been killed in steadily worsening targeted violence, including two bombings in the provincial capital, Quetta, in January and February 2. Sunni extremists have targeted Hazara with guns and bombs while they participate in religious processions, pray in mosques, travel to work, or just go about daily life, said Brad Adams, Asia director. There is no travel route, no shopping trip, no school run, no work commute that is safe for the Hazara. The governments failure to put an end to these attacks is as shocking as it is unacceptable. The ongoing attacks have meant that the half million members of the Hazara community in Quetta live in fear, compelled to restrict their movements, leading to economic hardship and curtailed access to education and employment. This oppressive situation has prompted large numbers of Hazara to flee Pakistan for refuge in other countries. Human Rights Watch interviewed more than 1. Since 2. 00. 8, Pakistans Shia Muslim community has been the target of an unprecedented escalation in sectarian violence as Sunni militants have killed thousands of Shia across the country. The Lashkar e Jhangvi Le. J, group has claimed responsibility for most attacks, yet many of its leaders continue to play command and leadership roles and avoid prosecution or otherwise evade accountability. A number of convicted high profile Le. J militants and suspects in custody have escaped from military and civilian detention in circumstances the authorities have been unable to explain. On January 1. 0, 2. Quetta frequented by Hazaras killed 9. Many of the victims were caught in a second blast 1. On February 1. 7, 2. Quettas Hazara Town, killing at least 8. Hazara and injuring more than 1. The Le. J claimed responsibility for both attacks, the bloodiest attacks from sectarian violence in Pakistan since independence in 1. Its obscene that the Hazara community has been forced into a fearful and terrorized existence because the Pakistani authorities have failed to stop the Le. Js violence, Adams said. But its beyond obscene that Pakistani authorities have suggested to Hazara that their severely curtailed rights are simply the price of staying alive. Civilian and military security forces deployed in Balochistan have done little to investigate attacks on Hazara or take steps to prevent the next attack. Many Hazara told Human Rights Watch that discriminatory attitudes and hostility towards them by elected officials and state security services are an important reason why such attacks go uninvestigated and unpunished. The Le. J has also killed with increasing impunity members of the Frontier Corps paramilitary or police assigned to protect Shia processions, pilgrimages, and Hazara neighborhoods. While the Pakistani military and political authorities deny any complicity in the Le. Js abuses or sympathy for its activities, the Le. J has historically benefitted from ties with elements in the countrys security services. Pakistani and Balochistan authorities claim to have arrested dozens of suspects in attacks against Shia since 2. Pakistans government should disband and disarm the Le. J and criminally investigate its leadership and others implicated in crimes. Pakistans international allies and donors should press the government to uphold its international human rights obligations and promote good governance by investigating sectarian killings in Balochistan and prosecuting all those responsible. Government officials and security forces need to understand that failure to tackle Le. J atrocities is no longer an option, Adams said. Inaction in the face of the slaughter of the Hazara and the wider Shia community is not only a callous betrayal of its own citizens, but suggests state complicity in allowing these crimes to continue. Lashkar e Jhangvi Le. J and the Hazara. Pakistans current population is estimated at approximately 1. Muslim. Sunnis represent approximately 7. Shias 2. 0 percent. The Hazara Shia community is concentrated in Quetta and is estimated to be around 5. The emergence in Afghanistan in 1. Pakistan government backed Taliban, militant Sunni Muslims who view Shia as blasphemers, unleashed a new wave of persecution against the Hazara in Afghanistan. In August 1. 99. 8, when Taliban forces entered the multi ethnic northern Afghan city of Mazar i Sharif, they killed at least 2,0. Hazaras. A number of Pakistanis, including members of the extremist Sunni group Sipah i Sahaba SSP and its offshoot, the Lashkar e Jhangvi Le. J, fought on the side of the Taliban in Mazar e Sharif. The links between these Afghan and Pakistani Sunni militant groups and the flood of Hazara into Balochistan prompted a rise in persecution of the Hazara in that province. The Pakistani military ruler at the time, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, banned the Le. J in 2. 00. 2, but the ban has not hobbled the Le. Js ability to carry out sectarian attacks across Pakistan. These include attacks against the Hazara community in Quetta in collaboration with the Taliban. Since 2. 00. 2, Malik Ishaq has been the Le. Js operational chief. Ishaq has been prosecuted for alleged involvement in about 4. Pakistans Shia community. However, the courts have not convicted Ishaq for any of those killings and have acquitted him in 4. Rawalpindi court on May 2. Ishaq was not sufficient for further proceedings. The failure to bring Ishaq to justice underscores both the crisis of Pakistans criminal justice system and the impunity for serious abuses this failure facilitates. Usman Saifullah Kurd has been operational chief of the Le. J in Balochistan since at least 2. Media reports allege that he has been involved in hundreds of killings across the country, particularly Balochistan. Accounts from We are the Walking DeadI drive coaches on the route to the Iran border. The gunmen came speeding just as we entered Mastung district and intercepted us. I dont remember how many men there were, but there were all armed with Kalashnikovs assault rifles and rocket launchers. They told us to get out. They asked who the Sunnis were, asking for names. Then they told the Sunnis to run. We jumped and ran for our lives. Verbes Conjugaison Pdf. Everybody was so scared someone ran in this direction and someone in that direction. But while they allowed everybody who was not a Shia to get away, they made sure that the Shias stayed on the bus. Afterward they made them get out and opened fire. I saw it while taking shelter in a nearby building. Sunni Bus Driver, QuettaI had left the shop 1. There were four shops owned and run by Hazara Shias in one row and all four were attacked together. Six to seven people on motorbikes came and opened fire. They killed the Hazaras who were working in the shops and also those who were working at the back in the storeroom.